Accession #: 1900.0023a-b
Europeans
were introduced to tea from China in the early 17th century. It was initially
esteemed for its medicinal purposes. Later, the hot beverage was served
in coffeehouses of England exclusively for the enjoyment of the gentlemen gathered
there. It was not until the late seventeenth century that tea began to be
served in a domestic setting and was sipped by everyone in the household alike. When tea began to be served in the home, “[the] change meant that suddenly every hostess required the proper
equipment for serving the expensive new beverage, and the ownership of an
extensive tea service became an important symbol of one’s social position.” In the early 18th century, serving pieces were generally made of silver
while cups and saucers were made of porcelain. In 1784 La Rochefoucauld pointed out that, “It is also the custom for the youngest lady
of the household to make the tea.” Expensive tea leaves were stored in a tea
canister, often kept in a wooden or japanned tea chest. The brewing of the tea was carried out by the host or hostess, or one of the their daughters. Tea leaves
were brought to the table in a small “kind of cabinet,” called a tea caddy.
One such tea caddy that was used for this purpose by an 18th-century household is this English Repousse George II Silver Tea caddy in
Wilton’s collection. Made by S. Herbert and Co., its inverted pear shaped body
has, on the back, a cartouche containing a tree and cartouche
containing 3 trees and the phrase “patior ut potiar,” on neck of caddy. This motto roughly translates to : I suffer that I am obtain, and is that of the Spotswood family. A
molded bird serves as a finial on the lid. As one historian describes,
The inverted pear shape of this tea caddy is also characteristic
of the Rococo style.
As serving tea at home became popular, “silver lent
importance to the new custom, as well as serving as a display of the host’s
wealth.” Tea chests and caddies were also made of exotic woods such as mahogany, fruit wood, ebony, or rosewood. Tea chests were equipped with a sturdy
lock, reflecting the expense of tea leaves. The guardian of the tea caddy’s key
might take it everywhere with them to ensure safe keeping. The same fashions followed in the colonies
so that by the middle of the eighteenth century its residents consumed a lot of
tea. As in many households, the Randolph family served tea to the
family as well as guests. It lent to their wealthy status as they
could afford to serve their tea in silver pots after brewing it from tea leaves
stored in a silver or wooden tea caddy fitted with lock and key.
Works Cited
Breed, Thomas. Tea Consumers, Tea Trade, and Colonial Cultivation. University of Minnesota: James Ford Bell Library. 16 October 2014. https://www.lib.umn.edu/bell/tradeproducts/tea>
Guzler, Liza. Q&A with Liza Guzler. Williamsburg Marketplace. 16 October 2014.
Pettigrew, Jane. A Social History of Tea. National Trust Entreprises Ltd. London, 2001.
Phillips, John Marshall. American Silver. Chanticleer
Press. New York, 1949.
Ward, Barbara Mclean, ed. Silver in American Life. The American Federation of Arts. New York, 1979.
“Francois de La Rochefoucald”. Wikipedia. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rochefoucauld_(writer)>
